All vulnerabilities
CVE-2026-104437GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp

Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handling

ZcashFoundation zebracrates.ioLibraries & packages
Open in ThreatlineRecord JSON
CVSS
8.3High
ExploitationPublic exploit codeCISA's assessment says proof of concept code is public, assessed 6 Oct 2026. Not in the KEV catalogCISA via CVE List
Exploit odds (EPSS)0.21%Chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 9% of CVEs. Scored 23 Oct 2026FIRST EPSS
Fixed in4.4.0Fixed versionCVE List
Published2 Oct 2026Updated 6 Oct 2026CVE List

What fixes it

  • 4.4.0zebraCVE List
  • 4.4.0zebrad, crates.ioOSVcargo update -p zebrad --precise 4.4.0

A fixed version on one release line is not the upgrade target for every line. Check your exact version and any vendor backports.

Description

Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5 transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing. Attackers can craft V5 transactions with fewer outputs than inputs that Zebra accepts and templates via getblocktemplate, producing blocks zcashd rejects.

Text from CVE List

Affected versions 3

  • zebraaffected: all versions before 4.4.0CVE List
  • zebraunaffected: 4.4.0CVE List
  • zebrad, crates.iofrom first release, fixed in 4.4.0OSV

References 2