{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-104437","aliases":["GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp"],"summary":"Zebra before 4.4.0 Consensus Split via SIGHASH_SINGLE Missing-Output Handling","details":"Zebra before 4.4.0 contains a consensus divergence vulnerability in V5 transparent signature verification, computing a ZIP-244 digest for SIGHASH_SINGLE inputs lacking corresponding outputs instead of failing. Attackers can craft V5 transactions with fewer outputs than inputs that Zebra accepts and templates via getblocktemplate, producing blocks zcashd rejects.","categories":["Libraries & packages"],"product":"zebra","vendor":"ZcashFoundation","ecosystem":"crates.io","affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104437","source_modified_at":"2026-10-06T02:42:57.596Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","product":"zebra","vendor":"ZcashFoundation","versions":[{"version":"0","status":"affected","versionType":"semver","lessThan":"4.4.0"},{"version":"4.4.0","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp","source_modified_at":"2026-10-03T03:56:05.999919286Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","package":{"name":"zebrad","ecosystem":"crates.io","purl":"pkg:cargo/zebrad"},"ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.4.0"}]}],"versions":[]}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104437","source_modified_at":"2026-10-06T02:42:57.596Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","package":{"name":"zebra","ecosystem":null},"version":"4.4.0","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp","source_modified_at":"2026-10-03T03:56:05.999919286Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","package":{"name":"zebrad","ecosystem":"crates.io","purl":"pkg:cargo/zebrad"},"version":"4.4.0"}],"cvss":8.3,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.00205,"percentile":0.09916,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-10-02T11:38:13.855Z","modified_at":"2026-10-06T02:42:57.596Z","provenance":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104437","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-06T02:42:57.596Z"},{"source":"OSV","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-03T03:56:05.999919286Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-104437","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CVE List","OSV","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-cwfq-rfcr-8hmp","tags":["exploit"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zebra-before-4.4.0-consensus-split-via-sighash-single-missing-output-handling","tags":["third-party-advisory"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"poc","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2026-10-06T02:42:33.915856Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"ecosystem","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-06T02:42:57.596Z","content_hash":"0af33be9ef2ccfba291eb6283904e646b3f78ff60d2a00e15cebc489f5b999bb"}}