All vulnerabilities
CVE-2023-54404GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5

Zod can exhaust memory while validating oversized constrained collections

colinhacks zodnpmLibraries & packages
CVSS
8.2High
ExploitationNo known exploitationNot in CISA KEV, which does not prove it is unexploitedCISA KEV
Exploit odds (EPSS)0.35%Chance of exploitation activity in the next 30 days, higher than 27% of CVEs. Scored 23 Oct 2026FIRST EPSS
Fixed in4.6.6Fixed versionGitHub
Published1 Oct 2026Updated 23 Oct 2026CVE List

What fixes it

  • 4.6.6zod, npmGitHubnpm install zod@4.6.6

A fixed version on one release line is not the upgrade target for every line. Check your exact version and any vendor backports.

Description

Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.

Text from CVE List

Affected versions 3

  • zod, npm< 4.6.6GitHub
  • zodaffected: all versions through 4.6.7CVE List
  • zod, npmfrom first release, fixed in 4.6.6OSV

References 7