{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2023-54404","aliases":["GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5"],"summary":"Zod can exhaust memory while validating oversized constrained collections","details":"Zod schema-validation library through 4.6.5 contains an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability that allows attackers to exhaust memory by submitting a large array to an application using an array schema without a length constraint. Attackers can exploit the handleArrayResult parse logic in $ZodArray, which accumulates every validation issue for each failing element with no cap or early termination, causing the process to allocate excessive issue objects and crash due to out-of-memory conditions.","categories":["Libraries & packages"],"product":"zod","vendor":"colinhacks","ecosystem":"npm","affected_ranges":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:26:52Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"zod"},"range":"< 4.6.6"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54404","source_modified_at":"2026-10-22T18:50:32.153Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"zod","vendor":"colinhacks","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"0","versionType":"semver","lessThanOrEqual":"4.6.7"}],"defaultStatus":"affected"},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:30:09.376405885Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"zod","ecosystem":"npm","purl":"pkg:npm/zod"},"ranges":[{"type":"SEMVER","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"4.6.6"}]}],"versions":[]}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:26:52Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"ecosystem":"npm","name":"zod"},"version":"4.6.6"},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:30:09.376405885Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"zod","ecosystem":"npm","purl":"pkg:npm/zod"},"version":"4.6.6"}],"cvss":8.2,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.0035,"percentile":0.27481,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-10-01T17:11:13.762Z","modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:30:09.376405885Z","provenance":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:26:52Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-54404","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-22T18:50:32.153Z"},{"source":"OSV","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T18:30:09.376405885Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-54404","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["GitHub Advisory Database","CVE List","OSV","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-54404","source":"GitHub Advisory Database"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/issues/1872","tags":["technical-description"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6475","tags":["issue-tracking"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zod-uncontrolled-resource-consumption-via-array-validation","tags":["third-party-advisory"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/pull/6652","tags":["issue-tracking","patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/colinhacks/zod/commit/a0ebf970f2d752e5f58527cd2942ff48be4f46bd","source":"GitHub Advisory Database"},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-mrhx-c7xc-m3w5","source":"GitHub Advisory Database"}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","ssvc":{"exploitation":"none","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"partial","assessed_at":"2026-10-06T01:56:37.688335Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"ecosystem","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-23T18:30:09.376405885Z","content_hash":"cf3e8da2b2c348df67e47ba39029ccd8b145e5946c326d7f69fcf70fa71bcd92"}}