{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-98231","aliases":[],"summary":"xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush","details":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush\n\nThe deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under\nxfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling\nxfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device\nGC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can\ndestroy the same state concurrently.\n\nThe race can proceed as follows:\n\n  CPU 0                               CPU 1\n  find x on the device GC list\n  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock\n  read x->xso.dev\n                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)\n                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n                                      xfrm_state_free(x)\n  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)\n\nBoth paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.\nCPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.\n\nKASAN reported:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102\n\n  Call Trace:\n   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0\n   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400\n   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0\n   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280\n   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250\n   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160\n   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220\n   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880\n\n  Allocated by task 87:\n   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0\n   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820\n   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940\n\n  Freed by task 57:\n   kmem_cache_free+0xcb/0x3d0\n   xfrm_state_gc_task+0x4a8/0x650\n   process_one_work+0x63a/0x1070\n\nSerialize xfrm_state destruction against the deferred-device pass with a\nmutex.  Keep xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock limited to list operations and retain\nthe existing callback and device-reference release ordering.","categories":["Operating systems"],"product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"version":"d5f53edd43daf3e6e1633a49c561387f8f99e13f","lessThan":"937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009","lessThan":"39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009","lessThan":"75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009","lessThan":"84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"07b87f9eea0c30675084d50c82532d20168da009","lessThan":"89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"8ecee44464a4926c9bef989a1490b7394785f584","status":"affected","versionType":"git"},{"version":"6.6.44","lessThan":"6.6.158","status":"affected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.10.3","lessThan":"6.11","status":"affected","versionType":"semver"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","product":"Linux","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"version":"6.11","status":"affected"},{"version":"0","lessThan":"6.11","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.6.158","lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.12.112","lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"6.18.54","lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.2.8","lessThanOrEqual":"7.2.*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"semver"},{"version":"7.3","lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}],"defaultStatus":"affected"}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.6.158","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"Linux","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.11","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"}],"cvss":null,"severity":null,"kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.002,"percentile":0.09337,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-10-06T08:45:05.183Z","modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","provenance":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-98231","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-98231","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/937108dc0258d6ac69926b00bc53598c98986ee1"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/39e41af3653ee45c985190dd97426f318918d201"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75fc4561772e2f9811abf39ed10443e6f4a4bc6c"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/84e378395494963b1e581cf223a7cbeec8c0e2d6"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fefad9f971bc637fb22373078144f2563c4be9"}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-19T09:16:03.101Z","content_hash":"7a274a555748093f127464587b02a8e3ca72feacab9a1200aa57359dd8a80489"}}