{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-91006","aliases":[],"summary":"Apache Karaf: OS Command Injection in Child-Instance Launch (instance:* / InstancesMBean)","details":"Apache Karaf's instance-management service (InstanceServiceImpl) builds the command line used to launch a child Karaf JVM by string concatenation, then executes it through /bin/sh (Unix) or cscript (Windows). The caller-supplied javaOpts value is spliced into that string unquoted. A javaOpts value containing shell metacharacters (;, |, `, $(...)) is interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to the JVM as an option, giving arbitrary OS command execution as the Karaf process user.\n\n\nReachable via the shell commands instance:create, instance:start, instance:restart, instance:change-opts, and the equivalent InstanceMBean JMX operations (createInstance, startInstance, changeJavaOpts, cloneInstance).\n\nMitigation   *  Set karaf.secured.command.compulsory.roles=admin in etc/system.properties to close the fail-open gap for all unconfigured command scopes.\n  *  Restrict which principals can reach instance:* commands and InstancesMBean via etc/users.properties role assignments.\n  *  Treat javaOpts passed to instance:create/instance:start/instance:change-opts/InstancesMBean as untrusted input only from fully-trusted operators.","categories":["Unclassified"],"product":"Apache Karaf","vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-91006","source_modified_at":"2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","product":"Apache Karaf","vendor":"Apache Software Foundation","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"0","lessThan":"4.4.12","versionType":"semver"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-91006","source_modified_at":"2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","package":{"name":"Apache Karaf","ecosystem":null},"version":"4.4.12","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"}],"cvss":8.8,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.01135,"percentile":0.66245,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-09-28T10:44:32.652Z","modified_at":"2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z","provenance":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-91006","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:52:38.922436Z","source_modified_at":"2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-91006","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/olzy0yjw82b20w59vonfjr1x7v5yzocr","tags":["vendor-advisory"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"none","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2026-09-29T03:55:20.472246Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":null,"confidence":"unknown","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-09-29T21:03:21.368Z","content_hash":"67fd0d76ba70a41568ac826174febd872f588de673fbbb760999e18d3b2b27f8"}}