{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-111225","aliases":[],"summary":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.learn-address.sh","details":"Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.","categories":["Unclassified"],"product":"pfSense CE","vendor":"Netgate","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-111225","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","product":"pfSense CE","vendor":"Netgate","versions":[{"version":"2.5.0","lessThanOrEqual":"2.9.0","status":"affected","versionType":"semver"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":2.3,"severity":"Low","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.06207,"percentile":0.93506,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-10-15T18:46:25.093Z","modified_at":"2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z","provenance":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-111225","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-111225","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-learn-cn","tags":["exploit","technical-description"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftovers","tags":["technical-description"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.learn-address.sh#L57-L62","tags":["technical-description"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.5.0-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-learn-address-sh","tags":["third-party-advisory"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"poc","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"partial","assessed_at":"2026-10-15T19:48:50.888190Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":null,"confidence":"unknown","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-15T19:48:58.697Z","content_hash":"0dbe06b472927376ef88cbd88d679afd72defadbf1169f9badad46525d7a7139"}}