{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-104635","aliases":["GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6"],"summary":"Uncontrolled recursion in elixir-protobuf/protobuf JSON decoding of self-referential messages","details":"Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in Protobuf.JSON.Decode in elixir-protobuf protobuf allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the decoding process via a deeply nested JSON document. Any application that decodes attacker-supplied JSON with Protobuf.JSON.decode/3, Protobuf.JSON.decode!/3, or Protobuf.JSON.from_decoded/3 into a schema that contains a self-referential or cyclic message type is affected.\n\nIn lib/protobuf/json/decode.ex, the embedded-message clause of decode_singular/3 recurses into internal_from_json_data/3 once per nesting level without incrementing or checking the decoder's depth counter. The depth guard increase_depth_and_maybe_throw/1 covers only the Google.Protobuf.ListValue and Google.Protobuf.Struct clauses, so the recursion_limit option has no effect on user-defined message types. Each nesting level allocates a stack frame and heap objects, and a sufficiently deep document exhausts the memory of the decoding process. Confidentiality and integrity are not affected.\n\nThis issue affects protobuf: from 0.8.0 before 0.17.1.","categories":["Libraries & packages"],"product":"protobuf","vendor":"elixir-protobuf","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","product":"protobuf","vendor":"elixir-protobuf","versions":[{"lessThan":"0.17.1","status":"affected","version":"0.8.0","versionType":"semver"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","product":"protobuf","vendor":"elixir-protobuf","versions":[{"lessThan":"e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff","status":"affected","version":"b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370","versionType":"git"}],"defaultStatus":"unaffected"}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","package":{"name":"protobuf","ecosystem":null},"version":"0.17.1","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"}],"cvss":8.2,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.00387,"percentile":0.31635,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-10-09T08:17:52.372Z","modified_at":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z","provenance":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-104635","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:48:36.087640Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-104635","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-m497-c2h9-rvw6","tags":["related","vendor-advisory"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-104635.html","tags":["related"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-104635","tags":["exploit"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b0a1d4eaffaf50012fa71a8e931a47cf252d0370","tags":["related"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/e9432ad1c4099511905353cebcececa3a1f7c3ff","tags":["patch"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"poc","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"partial","assessed_at":"2026-10-15T15:56:39.227631Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-15T15:57:11.974Z","content_hash":"764fd341cd255ded33966068ad286643909d7b9ee784e6e0ce760e94bc4577f7"}}