{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2026-102598","aliases":["GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","PYSEC-2026-4312"],"summary":"Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names","details":"Werkzeug's `safe_join` function allows Windows device names as filenames when they have an empty ADS marker on NTFS.\n\nThis was previously reported as https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2, but the added filtering failed to account for the fact Windows allows special device names with an empty ADS marker, such as `NUL:`.\n\n`send_from_directory` uses `safe_join` to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows and NTFS, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely.","categories":["Libraries & packages"],"product":"Werkzeug","vendor":"pallets","ecosystem":"pip","affected_ranges":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","source_modified_at":"2026-10-05T23:48:40Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"ecosystem":"pip","name":"Werkzeug"},"range":"< 3.1.9"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-102598","source_modified_at":"2026-09-29T15:44:10.657Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","product":"werkzeug","vendor":"pallets","versions":[{"version":"< 3.1.9","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T14:56:11.020811348Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"werkzeug","ecosystem":"PyPI","purl":"pkg:pypi/werkzeug"},"ranges":[{"type":"ECOSYSTEM","events":[{"introduced":"0"},{"fixed":"3.1.9"}]}],"versions":["0.1","0.10","0.10.1","0.10.2","0.10.3","0.10.4","0.11","0.11.1","0.11.10","0.11.11","0.11.12","0.11.13","0.11.14","0.11.15","0.11.2","0.11.3","0.11.4","0.11.5","0.11.6","0.11.7","0.11.8","0.11.9","0.12","0.12.1","0.12.2","0.13","0.14","0.14.1","0.15.0","0.15.1","0.15.2","0.15.3","0.15.4","0.15.5","0.15.6","0.16.0","0.16.1","0.2","0.3","0.3.1","0.4","0.4.1","0.5","0.5.1","0.6","0.6.1","0.6.2","0.7","0.7.1","0.7.2"]}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","source_modified_at":"2026-10-05T23:48:40Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"ecosystem":"pip","name":"Werkzeug"},"version":"3.1.9"},{"source":"OSV","source_url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T14:56:11.020811348Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"name":"werkzeug","ecosystem":"PyPI","purl":"pkg:pypi/werkzeug"},"version":"3.1.9"}],"cvss":6.3,"severity":"Medium","kev":{"listed":false},"epss":{"probability":0.00368,"percentile":0.29522,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2026-09-29T15:16:28.900Z","modified_at":"2026-10-15T14:56:11.020811348Z","provenance":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-05T23:48:40Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-102598","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","source_modified_at":"2026-09-29T15:44:10.657Z"},{"source":"OSV","url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-15T14:56:11.020811348Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2026-102598","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["GitHub Advisory Database","CVE List","OSV","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102598","source":"GitHub Advisory Database"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/pull/3309","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/8d77320bcdf3a34941ec06dcf16b03c065cd21b6","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/3.1.9","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-g6x2-hccm-hh4m","source":"GitHub Advisory Database"}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","ssvc":{"exploitation":"none","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"partial","assessed_at":"2026-09-29T15:44:02.973150Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"ecosystem","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-15T14:56:11.020811348Z","content_hash":"60665c824f0be6a5ff92b33b2ebdd16220ec70b78841b5fb613396a15c9fc57d"}}