{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2025-32433","aliases":["GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2"],"summary":"Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability","details":"Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.","categories":["Unclassified"],"product":"Erlang/OTP","vendor":"Erlang","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32433","source_modified_at":"2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"otp","vendor":"erlang","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":">= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3"},{"status":"affected","version":">= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11"},{"status":"affected","version":"< OTP-25.3.2.20"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"","name":"OTP"},"range":">= 17.0"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"otp","name":"ssh"},"range":">= 3.0.1"}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"","name":"OTP"},"version":"27.3.3"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"","name":"OTP"},"version":"26.2.5.11"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"","name":"OTP"},"version":"25.3.2.20"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"otp","name":"ssh"},"version":"5.2.10"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"otp","name":"ssh"},"version":"5.1.4.8"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","source_url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","package":{"ecosystem":"otp","name":"ssh"},"version":"4.15.3.12"}],"cvss":10,"severity":"Critical","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2025-06-09","due_date":"2025-06-30","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.98786,"percentile":0.99927,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z","modified_at":"2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-32433","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z"},{"source":"GitHub Advisory Database","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:45:31.882637Z","source_modified_at":"2025-06-16T07:36:45Z"},{"source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/ssh/ssh_erlangotp_rce.rb","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-04-16"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-32433","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","GitHub Advisory Database","Metasploit","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy","tags":["vendor-advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py","tags":["exploit"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2025-08-20T03:55:59.410447Z"},"exploits":[{"added":"2026-05-14","check":true,"date":"2025-04-16","kind":"Exploit module","name":"Erlang OTP Pre-Auth RCE Scanner and Exploit","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/ssh/ssh_erlangotp_rce.rb"}],"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":null,"confidence":"unknown","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z","content_hash":"c1b7463ff3a63a1945f8e9b09edb585c2329435cea938015942a23de13eea6c9"}}