{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2025-20281","aliases":[],"summary":"Cisco Identity Services Engine Injection Vulnerability","details":"Cisco Identity Services Engine contains an injection vulnerability in a specific API of Cisco ISE and Cisco ISE-PIC due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input allowing an attacker to exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted API request. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to perform remote code execution and obtaining root privileges on an affected device.","categories":["Identity & access"],"product":"Identity Services Engine","vendor":"Cisco","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-20281","source_modified_at":"2026-02-26T17:50:24.202Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Cisco Identity Services Engine Software","vendor":"Cisco","versions":[{"version":"3.3.0","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 2","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 1","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 3","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.4.0","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 4","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.4 Patch 1","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 5","status":"affected"},{"version":"3.3 Patch 6","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":"unknown"}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":10,"severity":"Critical","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2025-07-28","due_date":"2025-08-18","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.97601,"percentile":0.99904,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2025-06-25T16:11:42.285Z","modified_at":"2026-02-26T17:50:24.202Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-20281","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-02-26T17:50:24.202Z"},{"source":"Nuclei","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-20281.yaml","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":null},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2025-20281","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","Nuclei","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ise-unauth-rce-ZAd2GnJ6"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20281","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2025/7/24/cve-2025-20281-cisco-ise-api-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-vulnerability","tags":["exploit","technical-description"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-20281","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2025-07-26T03:55:51.221716Z"},"exploits":[{"source":"Nuclei","kind":"Scanner template","name":"Cisco ISE - Remote Code Execution","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-20281.yaml"}],"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-02-26T17:50:24.202Z","content_hash":"9788cc0284edf1d8ad4888351a1ead792210c08a53f404996a9b1a57cf66234d"}}