{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2023-41991","aliases":[],"summary":"Apple Multiple Products Improper Certificate Validation Vulnerability","details":"Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS contain an improper certificate validation vulnerability that can allow a malicious app to bypass signature validation.","categories":["Unclassified"],"product":"Multiple Products","vendor":"Apple","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41991","source_modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"iOS and iPadOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"version":"unspecified","status":"affected","lessThan":"16.7","versionType":"custom"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41991","source_modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"macOS","vendor":"Apple","versions":[{"version":"unspecified","status":"affected","lessThan":"13.6","versionType":"custom"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41991","source_modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"iOS and iPadOS","ecosystem":null},"version":"16.7","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41991","source_modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"macOS","ecosystem":null},"version":"13.6","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"}],"cvss":5.5,"severity":"Medium","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2023-09-25","due_date":"2023-10-16","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.1338,"percentile":0.96418,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2023-09-21T18:23:48.974Z","modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-41991","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-41991","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213928, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213929, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931","source":"CISA KEV"},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41991","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"partial","assessed_at":"2025-02-04T15:13:21.191475Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":null,"confidence":"unknown","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-11-04T19:21:39.550Z","content_hash":"3831c997bf85c0f4988a8516aaa61af0739feaac13754497a3add37e65a382f5"}}