{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2023-28771","aliases":[],"summary":"Zyxel Multiple Firewalls OS Command Injection Vulnerability","details":"Zyxel ATP, USG FLEX, VPN, and ZyWALL/USG firewalls allow for improper error message handling which could allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute OS commands remotely by sending crafted packets to an affected device.","categories":["Network & edge"],"product":"Multiple Firewalls","vendor":"Zyxel","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"ZyWALL/USG series firmware","vendor":"Zyxel","versions":[{"version":"4.60 through 4.73","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"VPN series firmware","vendor":"Zyxel","versions":[{"version":"4.60 through 5.35","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"USG FLEX series firmware","vendor":"Zyxel","versions":[{"version":"4.60 through 5.35","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"ATP series firmware","vendor":"Zyxel","versions":[{"version":"4.60 through 5.35","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":9.8,"severity":"Critical","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2023-05-31","due_date":"2023-06-21","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.99284,"percentile":0.99938,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2023-04-25T00:00:00.000Z","modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28771","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z"},{"source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/misc/zyxel_ike_decoder_rce_cve_2023_28771.rb","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2023-03-31"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28771","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","Metasploit","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-remote-command-injection-vulnerability-of-firewalls","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28771","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28771","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2023-11-18T05:00:32.985076Z"},"exploits":[{"source":"Metasploit","kind":"Exploit module","name":"Zyxel IKE Packet Decoder Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/linux/misc/zyxel_ike_decoder_rce_cve_2023_28771.rb","date":"2023-03-31","added":"2026-05-14","check":true}],"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-10-21T23:05:48.400Z","content_hash":"3aa8d48938d57756eb8e0eaf373370aa36733716f99895b37043de90978b9449"}}