{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2023-28229","aliases":[],"summary":"Microsoft Windows CNG Key Isolation Service Privilege Escalation Vulnerability","details":"Microsoft Windows Cryptographic Next Generation (CNG) Key Isolation Service contains an unspecified vulnerability that allows an attacker to gain specific limited SYSTEM privileges.","categories":["Operating systems"],"product":"Windows CNG Key Isolation Service","vendor":"Microsoft","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 1809","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.17763.0","lessThan":"10.0.17763.4252","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 1809","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.0","lessThan":"10.0.17763.4252","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2019","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.17763.0","lessThan":"10.0.17763.4252","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.17763.0","lessThan":"10.0.17763.4252","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2022","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.20348.0","lessThan":"10.0.20348.1668","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 20H2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.0","lessThan":"10.0.19042.2846","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 11 version 21H2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.0","lessThan":"10.0.22000.1817","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 21H2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.19043.0","lessThan":"10.0.19044.2846","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 11 version 22H2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.22621.0","lessThan":"10.0.22621.1555","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 22H2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.19045.0","lessThan":"10.0.19045.2846","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 1507","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.10240.0","lessThan":"10.0.10240.19869","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows 10 Version 1607","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.14393.0","lessThan":"10.0.14393.5850","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2016","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.14393.0","lessThan":"10.0.14393.5850","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"10.0.14393.0","lessThan":"10.0.14393.5850","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.0.6003.0","lessThan":"6.0.6003.22015","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.0.6003.0","lessThan":"6.0.6003.22015","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2008  Service Pack 2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.0.6003.0","lessThan":"6.0.6003.22015","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.1.7601.0","lessThan":"6.1.7601.26466","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.1.7601.0","lessThan":"6.1.7601.26466","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2012","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.2.9200.0","lessThan":"6.2.9200.24216","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.2.9200.0","lessThan":"6.2.9200.24216","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2012 R2","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.3.9600.0","lessThan":"6.3.9600.20919","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)","vendor":"Microsoft","versions":[{"version":"6.3.9600.0","lessThan":"6.3.9600.20919","versionType":"custom","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 1809","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.17763.4252","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2019","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.17763.4252","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.17763.4252","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2022","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.20348.1668","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 20H2","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.19042.2846","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 11 version 21H2","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.22000.1817","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 21H2","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.19044.2846","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 11 version 22H2","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.22621.1555","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 22H2","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.19045.2846","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 1507","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.10240.19869","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows 10 Version 1607","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.14393.5850","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2016","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.14393.5850","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"10.0.14393.5850","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.0.6003.22015","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.0.6003.22015","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2008  Service Pack 2","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.0.6003.22015","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.1.7601.26466","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.1.7601.26466","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2012","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.2.9200.24216","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.2.9200.24216","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2012 R2","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.3.9600.20919","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"},{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","package":{"name":"Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)","ecosystem":null},"version":"6.3.9600.20919","basis":"first unaffected version stated in the CVE record"}],"cvss":7,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2023-10-04","due_date":"2023-10-25","required_action":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.01671,"percentile":0.76649,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2023-04-11T19:13:37.417Z","modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28229","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2023-28229","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28229","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_transferred"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28229","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28229","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CVE List","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2024-06-13T14:21:09.570748Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-10-21T23:05:49.303Z","content_hash":"6e60a164890e03b898cbab7b84858aa7eeb1fc865d5cc260fd65651d77dd5291"}}