{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2021-28663","aliases":[],"summary":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Use-After-Free Vulnerability","details":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains a use-after-free vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to make improper operations on GPU memory to gain root privilege, and/or disclose information.","categories":["Unclassified"],"product":"Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)","vendor":"Arm","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28663","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.291Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"n/a","vendor":"n/a","versions":[{"version":"n/a","status":"affected"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":8.8,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2021-11-03","due_date":"2021-11-17","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.12084,"percentile":0.96143,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2021-05-10T00:00:00.000Z","modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.291Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-28663","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.291Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2021-28663","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28663","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://github.com/lntrx/CVE-2021-28663","tags":["x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28663","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2024-07-24T20:58:41.342252Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":null,"confidence":"unknown","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.291Z","content_hash":"c0d3170d46418fb89f354b5955a56f9b6a0121821b1238724e78a90f9e8273b5"}}