{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2019-16928","aliases":[],"summary":"Exim Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability","details":"Exim contains an out-of-bounds write vulnerability which can allow for remote code execution.","categories":["Network & edge"],"product":"Exim Internet Mailer","vendor":"Exim","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-16928","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:45:29.725Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"n/a","vendor":"n/a","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"n/a"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":9.8,"severity":"Critical","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2022-03-03","due_date":"2022-03-17","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.41638,"percentile":0.98682,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2019-09-27T20:07:12.000Z","modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:45:29.725Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2019-16928","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-10-21T23:45:29.725Z"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2019-16928","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16928","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.exim.org/lurker/message/20190927.032457.c1044d4c.en.html","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2449","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://git.exim.org/exim.git/commit/478effbfd9c3cc5a627fc671d4bf94d13670d65f","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4536","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_DEBIAN","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/4141-1/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_UBUNTU","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/60","tags":["mailing-list","x_refsource_BUGTRAQ","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T3TJW4HPYH3O5HZCWGD6NSHTEBTTAPDC/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_FEDORA","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UY6HPRW7MR3KBQ5JFHH6OXM7YCZBJCOB/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_FEDORA","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EED7HM3MFIBAP5OIMJAFJ35JAJABTVSC/","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_FEDORA","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-47","tags":["vendor-advisory","x_refsource_GENTOO","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2019-16928","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2025-02-04T20:03:35.553352Z"},"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-10-21T23:45:29.725Z","content_hash":"8b18b27e0e75aa50ca0a08419ecfc6fc7fae3ebf778d37b57d3cbec39524641c"}}