{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2016-3081","aliases":[],"summary":"Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability","details":"Apache Struts contains a command injection vulnerability that could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method:prefix when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled.","categories":["Frameworks"],"product":"Struts","vendor":"Apache","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3081","source_modified_at":"2026-10-09T03:55:30.407Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"n/a","vendor":"n/a","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"n/a"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":8.1,"severity":"High","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2026-10-08","due_date":"2026-10-11","required_action":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown","forensic_triage":true},"epss":{"probability":0.96052,"percentile":0.99879,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2016-04-26T14:00:00.000Z","modified_at":"2026-10-09T03:55:30.407Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-3081","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-09T03:55:30.407Z"},{"source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec.rb","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2016-04-27"},{"source":"Exploit-DB","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2016-05-02"},{"source":"Nuclei","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2016/CVE-2016-3081.yaml","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":null},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2016-3081","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","Metasploit","Exploit-DB","Nuclei","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-3081","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/","tags":["exploit","x_refsource_EXPLOIT-DB","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-3081","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"no","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2026-10-08T00:00:00+00:00"},"exploits":[{"added":"2026-04-22","check":true,"date":"2016-04-27","kind":"Exploit module","name":"Apache Struts Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec.rb"},{"added":"2016-05-02","date":"2016-05-02","kind":"Remote exploit","name":"Apache Struts - Dynamic Method Invocation Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)","source":"Exploit-DB","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756","verified":true},{"kind":"Scanner template","name":"Apache S2-032 Struts - Remote Code Execution","source":"Nuclei","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2016/CVE-2016-3081.yaml"}],"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2026-10-09T03:55:30.407Z","content_hash":"dbd4ca9cf878d6bd5ec7b06f8b1522cb03841e343f067d639acdb8c82ba381f8"}}