{"schema":"threatline.record/2","record":{"id":"CVE-2012-0391","aliases":[],"summary":"Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability","details":"The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts 2 before 2.2.3.1 contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows for remote code execution.","categories":["Frameworks"],"product":"Struts 2","vendor":"Apache","ecosystem":null,"affected_ranges":[{"source":"CVE List","source_url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-0391","source_modified_at":"2025-10-22T00:05:48.504Z","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","product":"n/a","vendor":"n/a","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"n/a"}],"defaultStatus":null}],"fixed_versions":[],"cvss":9.8,"severity":"Critical","kev":{"listed":true,"date_added":"2022-01-21","due_date":"2022-07-21","required_action":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","ransomware_campaign_use":"Unknown"},"epss":{"probability":0.75599,"percentile":0.99521,"score_date":"2026-10-23"},"published_at":"2012-01-08T15:00:00.000Z","modified_at":"2025-10-22T00:05:48.504Z","provenance":[{"source":"CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23T17:00:09.9001Z"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-0391","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2025-10-22T00:05:48.504Z"},{"source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator.rb","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2012-01-06"},{"source":"Exploit-DB","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2012-01-06"},{"source":"Exploit-DB","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18984","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2012-06-05"},{"source":"EPSS","url":"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve=CVE-2012-0391","fetched_at":"2026-10-23T18:42:43.628194Z","source_modified_at":"2026-10-23"}],"sources":["CISA KEV","CVE List","Metasploit","Exploit-DB","EPSS"],"references":[{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391","source":"CISA KEV"},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt","tags":["x_refsource_MISC","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM","x_transferred"]},{"source":"CVE List","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391","tags":["government-resource"]}],"locations":[],"motoko_assessment":{"status":"requires_architecture_review","automatic_remediation":false},"cve_state":"PUBLISHED","cvss_source":"CISA ADP","ssvc":{"exploitation":"active","automatable":"yes","technical_impact":"total","assessed_at":"2025-02-10T20:07:52.407977Z"},"exploits":[{"source":"Metasploit","kind":"Exploit module","name":"Apache Struts Remote Command Execution","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator.rb","date":"2012-01-06","added":"2026-03-11","check":false},{"source":"Exploit-DB","kind":"Webapps exploit","name":"Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329","date":"2012-01-06","added":"2012-01-06","verified":true},{"source":"Exploit-DB","kind":"Remote exploit","name":"Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18984","date":"2012-06-05","added":"2012-06-05","verified":true}],"classification":{"method":"product-first software-layer rules","rules_version":"2.1","matched_on":"product","confidence":"heuristic","reviewed":false},"change_timestamp":"2025-10-22T00:05:48.504Z","content_hash":"f984df0cd6ce90abbff18458e1550fce54deaadfe5c410a687d0f8976d639509"}}